In truth, Africans began coming to the Americas thousands of years before Columbus; and the evidence of their presence, though systematically ignored by mainstream scholars, is overwhelming and undeniable. They appear to represent priest-kings who ruled vast territories in Mesoamerica [Mexico and Central America] during the Olmec period, which is to be considered later herein. endobj Van Sertima, Evidence For An African Presence in Pre-Columbian America, op. Further concrete evidence, noted by Dr. Imhotep and largely ignored by Euro-centric archaeologists, includes Egyptian artifacts found across North America from the Algonquin writings on the East Coast to the artifacts and Egyptian place names in the Grand Canyon.. In recent times, it has been common to associate Latinos with the . Pyramid construction is highly specialized. Sitchin goes on stating that ther were two distinct fluxes of deities and people: one originated the myth of Viracocha, the other originated the myth of Quetzalcoatl. Price As early as the nineteenth century wrote Jonathan Leonard, a specialist on early Mexico, reports had come from this coastal region [the Mexican gulf coast] of gigantic heads with Negroid features., not yet tainted by certain currents of modern (and perhaps not so modern) anthropology, reacted quite normally to this newly found evidence of [the] black mans presence in ancient America. A similar sculpture has been discovered at the Olmec site of Portrero Nuevo. Edited by Ivan Van Sertima, pp. In his Journal of the Second Voyage, Columbus wrote that when he reached Haiti, then labeled Espanola, the native people told him that black skinned people had come from the south and southeast in ships trading in gold tipped metal spears. As in Darien, these Africans were also captives of war among the native Americans. According to Von Wuthenau, [t]he startling fact is that in all parts of Mexico, from Campeche in the east to the southeast of Guerrero, and from Chiapas, next to the Guatemalan border, to the Panuco River in the Huasteca region (north of Veracruz) archeological pieces representing Negro or Negroid people have been found, especially in archaic or pre-classic sites. Wars, civil unrest and the dynamics of enslavement in West Central Africa, 1607-60 4. The most striking similarities between the two cultures are seen in the magnificent stone structures that have been found on both sides of the Atlantic. N17 9HT. Racial Gaps in Early Childhood Socio-emotional nccp.org ).30, The name Olmec means Dweller in the land of Rubber and could technically be applied to anyone who lived in the jungle areas of the Mexican Gulf Coast in antiquity.31 For centuries the indigenous people there created and perpetuated a local culture that varied little from its surroundings. Dozens of their skulls and cave writings have been found dating back to 50,000 years. It is in contradiction to the most elementary logic and to all artistic experience to suggest that these ancient Olmec artists could have depicted, with such detail, African facial features they had never seen.21. MAA MAAT CENTRE. As time allows us to drift further and further away from the European age of exploration and we move beyond an age of racial intellectual prejudice, historians are beginning to recognize that Africans were skilled navigators long before Europeans, contrary to popular belief. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. The Olmecs were an advanced state and have been called the Cultura Madre of Pre-classic Mesoamerica; what perhaps defines them is the cosmopolitan nature of many of their artifacts. Directed by REMONE L. FOSTER, LL.B IMPORTANT NOTICE The first topic on the CAPE History Unit 1 syllabus requires students to consider one Advanced indigenous group (Maya, Inca or Aztec) and one simple indigenous group (Tupi, Kalinago and Taino). BLACK SHOGUN AN ASSESSMENT OF THE AFRICAN PRESENCE IN The African presence is proven by stone heads, terra cottas, skeletons, artifacts, techniques and inscriptions, by oral traditions and documented history, by botanical, linguistic and cultural data. The unmistakable face and handprint of black Africans in pre-Columbian America, and their overwhelming impact on the civilizations they encountered is undeniable. The existence of Negroes and giants is commonly believed by nearly all the races of our soil Several archaeological objects found in various locations demonstrate their existence Memories of them in the most ancient traditions induce us to believe that the Negroes were the first inhabitants of Mexico13, Another authority, J.A. sites. copyright owner. Yurugu: An African-Centered Critique of European Cultural Thought and Behavior Trenton: Africa World Press, 1994. . Prince Easterbrooks - a slave in Lexington who had enlisted in Captain John Parker's militia and who was wounded at Concord, April 19, 1775. When the skulls were carefully examined, one of the world's leading skull We cannot of course reproach the author with what he could not know in 1976. Ancient Egypt progressed from the original stepped pyramid of Djosser, to the more sophisticated finished product at Giza. To order the pamphlet, visit heydaybooks.com. He edited the Journal of African Civilizations, which has greatly changed the way . Re-Genesis Encyclopedia: Synthesis of the Spiritual Dark Motherline, Integral Research, Labyrinth Learning, and EcoThealogy. Similarities across early American and African religions also indicate significant cross-cultural contact. In fact, in 445 BC, the Greek historian Herodotus wrote of the Ancient Egyptian pharaohs great seafaring and navigational skills. Chief among them was the American Olmec specialist Matthew Stirling. The Olmec civilization, which was of African origin and dominated by Africans, was the first significant civilization in Mesoamerica and the Mother Culture of Mexico. WHEAT David. 6 0 obj $.' In America we have no antecedents for the construction of pyramids, for example, whereas there is a clear series of evolving steps and stages [in pyramid building] in the Egypto-Nubian world., Van Sertima asks, Where do the first miniature step pyramid and the first manmade mountain or conical pyramid appear in America? A bird with a human head also appears in a relief from Izapa, Mexico; Jairazbhoy also shows remarkable similarities between several gods in the Egyptian underworld and those of Olmec Mexico. An examination of this artwork, wrote Van Sertima, reveals the unmistakable combination of the kinky hair, broad nose, generous lips, frequency of prognathism (projecting jaws), occasional goatee beard, and sometimes distinctly African ear pendants, hairstyles, tattoo markings, and coloration.23, Author David Imhotep cites a number of scientists and scholars who have identified prehistoric skulls and skeletons of Black people of the Austro-Negrito type, dating back to as early as 56,000 years ago, throughout the New World.24 This appears to be substantiated by more recent discoveries.25, Our focus here, however, is on the Negroid skulls and skeletons that have been discovered at ancient and medieval New World sites. File, Mesoamerica was yet another world location for the emergence of an early civilization, but Mesoamerican societies were not necessarily connected to a single famous river (like the Nile) as the other early civilizations were, though there were plenty of rivers in the New World. One of these articles, African Popes, discussed the lives of the three African pontiffs: St. Victor I (189-199), St. Miltiades (311-314) and St African Presence in Early America. Author David Imhotep cites a number of scientists and scholars who have identified prehistoric skulls and skeletons of Black people of the Austro-Negrito type, dating back to as early as 56,000 years ago, throughout the New World. Privateering, colonial expansion and the African presence in Early Anglo-Dutch Settlements 2. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. Three early popes were African. on the Internet. Abstract The recent discovery of inscribed pottery in South India indicate that the history of writing among the Dravidian people did not begin with the introduction of Brahmi writing to South India. Early American Scans NetSuite, highlighting the economic and social forces most able to explain the presence or the absence of slave trading in different regions of the world. ), Matthew M. Stirling, Discovering the New World: Oldest Dated Work of Man,, W. Hayes III, The African Presence in America Before Columbus,. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. to 1700 B.C.E. In describing the Olmec head, Melgar wrote that what astonished me was the Ethiopic [Black African] type which it represents. African Presence in Early America by Ivan Van Sertima, ed. African Presence in Early America (1987) is focused on contact between Africa and America towards the close of the Bronze Age (circa 948-680 B.C.) % Out of Stock. Notes on Mesoamerican Civilization, Discrimination in the Criminal Justice System predating the Anglo American presence; however, in 1847, Mexico lost approximately half of its territory to the United States. The ink of a scholar's pen is holier than the blood of the martyr. Rev. Muslims first came to North America in the 1500s as part of colonial expeditions. After the Civil War, the racist legacy of slavery . African Presence in Early America Ivan Van Sertima 4.60 58 ratings1 review This volume presents what is presently known about the links between Africa and America before the age of Columbus. 9.45. The following is recorded in Raccolta, part I, volume I: Columbus wanted to find out what the Indians of Espanola had told him, that had come from the south and southeast, [N]egro people who brought those spear points made of a metal which they call guanin, of which he had sent samples to the king and queen for assay and which was found to have 32 parts 18 of gold, 6 of silver, and 8 of copper.1 Curious about the validity of this story, Columbus did indeed send samples of these spears back on a mail ship to Spain to be examined, and it was found that the ratio of properties of gold, copper, and silver alloy were identical to the spears then being forged in African Guinea.2, In a book on the life of Columbus, his son, Ferdinand, reported that his father saw Black people himself when he reached the region just north of the country today called Honduras. Throughout all of these travels, African explorers have not had a history of starting devastating wars on the people they met. Revealing the African Presence in Renaissance Europe is the first exhibition to bring together a wide variety of works of art in diverse mediums that bear witness to the multiple aspects of the African presence in Europe in the Age of Exploration. Tutti i risultati di Google Ricerca Libri » African Presence in Early America, Volume 8,Edizione 2. In this summary, however, we are confining ourselves to a particular geographic region (the Gulf of Mexico), a particular culture complex or civilization (known as Olmecs), and a particular period of history (948-680 B.C. The first of these paintings by the Yuan court artist Liu Guandao in 1280,. African Presence in Early America - Paperback In this collective work, Van Sertima is joined by half a dozen other colleagues. DuBois Fellow at Harvard Uni- . He is the author of Introduction to the Study of African Classical Civilizations] (1993) and the editor of Unchained African Voices, a collection of poetry and prose by Death Row inmates at California's San Quentin maximum-security prison. Van Sertima states that what clinches the argument for the African presence in early (pre-Columbian) America are the skulls and skeletons of African people that were found on the ancient Olmec site. I reflected that there had undoubtedly been Blacks in this country and this had been in the first epoch of the world. Jairazbhoy believes that the earliest settlers were ancient Egyptians led by King Ramesis III, during the nineteenth dynasty.44 Van Sertima contends that a small but significant number of men and a few women, in a fleet protected by a military force, moved west down the Mediterranean toward North Africa in the period 948-680 B.Cand got caught in the pull of one of the westward currents off the North African coast, either through storm or navigational error, and were carried across the Atlantic to the New World. Some African-Americans who played a significant role in the American Revolution were: Crispus Attucks - an African-American member of the Sons of Liberty who was the first person killed in the Boston Massacre, March 5, 1770. As Columbus Day (October 12) approaches and as we celebrate the 40th anniversary of the publication of They Came Before Columbus by the late Rutgers University professor, Ivan Van Sertima, we must reveal to the world the grandeur of Africa by highlighting the achievements of some of its great navigators and rulers. CAPE EVIDENCE OF WEST AFRICAN MOVEMENTS TO THE AMERICAS LESSON 2. ed. Loewen, James A. In Egyptian mythology the human headed bird, Ba, flies out of the tomb. He was the author of numerous scholarly articles and historical essays on the subject, including a series of five articles for the Journal of African Civilizations. Pre-Columbus civilization in the Americas had its foundation built by Africans and developed by the ingenuity of Native Americans. (RGS. The information presented on this page and in the brochure is explored at greater length in Fishers' Discovering Early California Afro-Latino Presence (Heyday Books, 2010). 128 views, 4 likes, 4 loves, 54 comments, 6 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from Williams Chapel Church: Williams Chapel Church was live. His research also discussed the early African . Face of Afro-Olmec child carved on the waste "belt" of an Olmec ballplayer, Back to Historical Views | AfricaSpeaks.com, Check for historical references and literature, THE VANISHING EVIDENCE OF CLASSICAL AFRICAN CIVILIZATIONS. Rashidi is an authority on the African presence in Asia, especially in the Phillipines and in India. Africa and the Discovery of America - A 1920 Review from the Journal Of Negro History," Leo Weiner, p 164-168. . He wrote: Cleared of the surrounding earth, it [the colossal head] presented an awe-inspiring spectacle. It is grounded now upon an overwhelming and growing body of reliable witnesses. Ivan Van Sertima, They Came Before Columbus. Chapter 3 67Racial Discrimination in the Criminal Justice System issue of immigration, and Mexicans in particular are constructed as an illegal African presence in early America. He attended Princeton University and lectured at more than 100 colleges and universities. FINAL CALL DEPOPULATION SECTION NOVEMBER 8, 2022, FINAL CALL DEPOPULATION SECTION NOVEMBER 15, 2022, FINAL CALL DEPOPULATION SECTION NOVEMBER 22, 2022, http://www.cosmosmagazine.com/news/3774/did-australian-aborigines-reach-america-first, Listen to Dr. Leonard Barrett speak on the Jewish role in the slave trade. Global Research endobj Historically, the African people have been exceptional explorers and purveyors of culture across the world. Some of the Olmec sculptures depicting human beings are so decidedly Negroid that many scholars long thought that the indigenous Olmec culture itself was of Black origin. In the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368) founded by Kubilai Khan, the Black presence is visible in a number of notable paintings. They Came Before Columbus: The African Presence in Ancient America. The Indian scholar, Rafique Jairazbhoy, has studied the ancient Egyptians and the Olmecs in great detail and has pointed to many other ritual parallels between the two groups. 1. cit., p.65. Jews Selling Blacks: Slave Sale Advertising by American Jews, "I Have Been Vindicated," Interview Final Call, 1992, How the Jews Crushed a Black Slave Revolt. Ancient sea-going vessel used by the Egyptians and Nubians in ancient times. The first civilization to appear in America, called the Olmec culture was founded by AfricansThe original Maya were probably AfricansThe Aztecs, Zapotecs, Toltecs, and Maya usually occupied. Professor Everett Borders notes another very important indication of African presence, which is the nature of early American pyramids. [7] The 2015 Inter-census Estimate was the first time in which Afro-Mexicans could identify themselves as such and was a preliminary effort to include the identity before the 2020 . On September 24th, 2016, the National Museum of African American History and Culture opened in Washington, D.C. www.globalresearch.ca contains copyrighted material the use of which has not always been specifically authorized by the copyright owner. Early American Scans NetSuite THE PRESENCE OF AFRICAN AMERICAN SCHOLARSHIP IN EARLY, THE AFRICAN PRESENCE IN ANCIENT AMERICA REVISITED WITH RUNOKO RASHIDI An exciting new DVD by Runoko Rashidi! The Black Experience in Colonial Latin America Latin The best known artifacts are the giant stone heads, which phenotypically resemble modern day Africans. or Were the ancient Turks, Akkads (Sumerians) and Dravidians (Tamils) the parents of Mexico and Meso-America, Magicians of the Gods by Graham Hancock (2015), Robbing Native American Cultures: Van Sertima's Afrocentricity and the Olmecs, ANCIENT INDIAN RELIGION CHAPTER 4 PART 4 ANCIENT INDIA APN, The Dragon and the Serpent: Quetzalcoatl, the Lng of China and the Serpent of Wisdom, Extended-Plasma-Electromagnetic Cosmology (EPEMC, Afrocentric World Black Greeks Ancient Libyco-Berber Writing More Information on the Afrocentric World, Olmec (Mande) Loan Words in the Mayan, Mixe-Zoque and Taino Languages. In Egyptian mythology the human headed bird, Ba, flies out of the tomb. Villacorta, has written: Any way you view it, Mexican civilization had its origin in Africa.14 Finally, historian Orozco y Berra declared in his History of the Conquest of Mexico, that there was, unquestionably, a significant, ongoing, and intimate pre-Columbian relationship between Mexicans and Africans.15. In using standard scientific measurements of skull shape and the formation of the face, Wiercinski found a clear prevalence of the total Negroid pattern26, In this same vein, historian Frederick Peterson has written that [w]e can trace the progress of man in Mexico without noting any definite Old World influence during this period (1000-650 B.C.) A clear indicator of pre-Columbus African trans-Atlantic travel is the recent archeological findings of narcotics native to America in Ancient Egyptian mummies, which have astounded contemporary historians. What cultural impact did the outsiders have on American civilization?. The Centre of Research on Globalization grants permission to cross-post Global Research articles on community internet sites as long the source and copyright are acknowledged together with a hyperlink to the original Global Research article. Are you ready to meet us and our scholars in the public so that the world may see who is a liar and who is telling the truth? One of the worlds most renowned craniologists, Polish professor Andrzej Wiercinski, revealed to the 41st Congress of Americanists in Mexico in September 1974, that African skulls had been discovered at Olmec sites in Tlatilco, Cerro de las Mesas and Monte Alban. The Olmec an African Presence in Early America Collossol Afro-Olmec head of basalt wearing Nubian type war helmet, circa 1100 B.C. For, whether we accept the facts or not, Jairazbhoy appears to have been right when he wrote: The black began his career in America not as slave but as master., Ivan Van Sertima, Evidence For An African Presence in Pre-Columbian America, in Ivan Van Sertima (ed.). To begin with, and as a significant example, a Feb. 15, 1986, report carried by the, chronicled that: "The oldest Stone Age hut in Japan has been unearthed near Osaka. South American cocaine from Erythroxylon coca and nicotine from Nicotiana tabacum. They dominated China about 2800 B.C. cit., p.37. One might merely ask himself: if Africans were not present in the Americas before Columbus, why the typically African physiognomy on the monuments? AFRICA & ANCIENT IRELAND AFRICA TO IBERIA, At fourth grade, African-American boys score about 30 points lower than white boys and the gap increases to close to 40 points by eighth grade. The Mayans, Aztecs and Incas all worshipped black gods and the surviving portraits of the black deities are revealing. 183. African Muslims were an integral part of creating America from mapping its borders to fighting against British rule. Even among the Maya, where Dr. Hammond has found 2000 B.C. Garikai Chengu is a scholar at Harvard University. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers. There is now undisputed scientific proof that the first Americans were descended from Africans or Australian aborigines, according to evidence in a new BBC documentary. endobj Among them were the editors of Freedomways magazine, who brought their activist and organizing experiences in Popular Front coalitions in the 1930s and 1940s to bear on the civil rights . Black History, American History. Sertima, who published his book They Came before Columbus: The African Presence in Ancient America in I976.7. Bound for the Promised Land: Harriet Tubman: Portrait of an American Hero by Kate Clifford Larson 9.99; Black Athena revisited 15.99; A Kid's Guide to African American History: More than 70 Activities (A Kid's Guide series) 7.99; To move a continent : Kwame Nkrumah's role in African affairs, 1957-1966 9.99 A collection of essays by African American public intellectuals which have appeared in The Atlantic Monthly over the years. At the age of 18, African-American Runoko Rashidi discovered the African within him and became an advocate of Pan-Afrikanism, travelling the world documenting the ancient African diaspora in a quest now known as 'The Global African Presence'. 4 0 obj It asserted the historical participation of Black Africa as far back as the birth of the Egyptian civilization. The New York African Burial Ground reports. Contrary to popular belief, African American history did not start with slavery in the New World. Presents skeletal evidence from studies by craniologist Andrzej Weircinski which reveal a clear presence of Africanoid skulls from Olmec B.C.E. For publication of Global Research articles in print or other forms including commercial internet sites, contact: [emailprotected]. Published online: 30 January 2020 Summary The presence of Africans in Asia and their migration around it is one of the least-studied subjects in all of Asian history. He was the author of numerous scholarly articles and historical essays on the subject, including a series of five articles for the Journal of African Civilizations. This paper analyzes one such claim made about Mesoamerica and its supposed West African, Nubian, and Egyptian roots made by Ivan Van Sertima, a former professor of an Ivy League university. Atlantic Africa and the Spanish Caribbean, Dr. Scobie was a major authority on the African presence in early Western Europe. The name Olmec means Dweller in the land of Rubber and could technically be applied to anyone who lived in the jungle areas of the Mexican Gulf Coast in antiquity.
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